If you would like to reserve a group study room or the conference room for a group of three or more, please email library@bvu.edu. We prefer that room reservations are made a day in advance whenever possible. Rooms needed on a Saturday or Sunday should be reserved by the preceding Friday.

In the email please include the name you wish to appear on the room reservation sign, the beginning and the ending time you will need the room and your room preference, if any.

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Although not necessary, you may wish to include the words "Retrieved" or "Accessed" to specify the date you viewed online, to clearly distinguish it from the publication date posted on the webpage itself.

For more information about documenting online sources, the Bedford / St. Martin's Guides http://www.bedfordstmartins.com/online/cite5.html may be useful.

Web sites:
It is recommended that you print off a copy of any publicly-accessible web pages you use, in case they become inaccessible later on.
"Children of the Camps: The Documentary". 1999. PBS Online. 2 Dec. 2003 .
"Holiday Recipes with Garlic". All Things Considered. 23 Nov. 2003. NPR. 2 Dec. 2003

Full-text article from a library database:
These types of materials are cited similarly to their print counterparts, with some modifications identifying them as coming from an electronic, rather than print, source.

Magazine:
"Cooling Trend in Antarctica." Futurist May-June 2002: 15. Academic Search Premier. EbscoHost. Buena Vista University Library, 22 April 2003.

Journal:
Gong-Guy, Elizabeth, Richard B. Cravens, and Terence E. Patterson. "Clinical Issues in Mental Health Service Delivery to Refugees." American Psychologist 46 (1991): 642-648. PsycARTICLES. Ebscohost. Buena Vista University Library, 2 Dec. 2003.

Encyclopedia article (online):
"Genetic Disease, Human." Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2003. Encyclopaedia Britannica Online. 3 Dec 2003. .

APA Style Documentation

In-Text References

Sources used in your research are acknowledged in the text of your paper as well as in a reference list at the end of your paper. In APA style, material quoted directly from the original source should be incorporated into the text with quotation marks, and should specify author, year, and specific page citation in the text, as in this example:

She stated, "The 'placebo effect' . . . disappeared when behaviors were studies in this manner" (Miele, 1993, p. 276), but she did not clarify which behaviors were studied.

To document other reference in-text, supply the author's last name and year of the text you are referencing, in parentheses. For example:

The utilitarian perspective is typically associated with short term behavioral choices (Lobel, 1991, p. 154) and relies on basic hedonistic and approach/avoidance arguments.

For a single source written by multiple authors, the entry, cited initially in the paper, should appear as follows:

To our knowledge, this is the first time such an effect has been demonstrated empirically (Ancona & Chong, 1996).

Or

One possible implication of studying intact teams cross sectionally, or studying ad hoc teams in a single (laboratory) session, is what McGrath, Arrow, Gruenfeld, Hollinshead, and O'Connor (1993) refer to as Type I and Type II temporal errors.

Succeeding in-text references to articles with three or more authors should include the first author's surname, followed by "et al."

For example, McGrath el al. (1993) found that performance losses commonly ascribed to the use of computer-mediated versus face-to-face communication disappeared by a team's third or fourth week spent working together.

Two or more sources written by different authors should appear as follows:

The increased use of computers and the interconnectivity achieved through the World Wide Web (WWW) have led to a revolution in testing and assessment (Schmidt, 1997; Stanton, 1998).

Reference List: Guidelines

A reference list should consist only of recoverable sources, or those that can be retrieved by others through databases, etc. Do not include in the reference list personal communications, such as emails, telephone conversations, and personal interviews.

The reference list of sources that were used in research should appear at the end of your paper, double-spaced, in alphabetical order, with hanging indention. For more information about citing and preparing a reference list, consult the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 5th ed. or these online aids:

Duke U. Citing Sources website:

http://www.lib.duke.edu/libguide/citing.htm

Purdue U. Online Writing Lab (OWL):

http://owl.english.purdue.edu/workshops/hypertext/APA/index.html

Reference List, Print Sources

Books with one author:

Sanderson, H. (1954). Basic concepts in vocational guidance. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Books with two or more authors:

Wood-Jones, F. & Porteus, S. D. (1928). The matrix of the mind. Oxford, England: University Press Association.

Books with no author:

Encyclopedia of Iowa History. (1995). Iowa City: University of Iowa.

Book with editor(s):

Wigfield, A., & Eccles, J. (Eds.). (2002). Development of achievement motivation. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.

Encyclopedia article:

Genesee, F. (1994). Bilingualism. In Encyclopedia of human behavior (Vol. 1, pp. 383-394). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.

Article from scholarly journal paginated by volume: (continuous pagination)

Horowitz, L. K., Post, D. L., French, R. S., Wallis, K. D., & Siegelman, E. Y. (1981). The prototype as a construct in abnormal psychology. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 90, 575-585.

Article from a popular magazine:

Gardner, H. (1981, December). Do babies sing a universal song? Psychology Today, 14, 70-76.

Article in daily newspaper:

Angier, N. (2003, November 11). Is war our biological destiny? New York Times, p. D1.

Works Cited, Electronic Sources

A typical entry for an electronic source consists of the following items:
Author. (Date of publication or update). Title of short work. Title of site. Date you accessed the site, URL

For more information about documenting online sources, the Bedford / St. Martin's Guides may be useful.

Web sites:

It is recommended that you print off a copy of any publicly-accessible web pages you use, in case they become inaccessible later on. University of Nebraska State Museum & Nebraska Game and Parks Commission. Ashfall Fossil Beds State Historical Park. Retrieved December 9, 2003, from http://ashfall.unl.edu/weblinks.html

Full-text article from a library database:

These types of materials are cited similarly to their print counterparts, with some modifications identifying them as coming from an electronic, rather than print, source.

Magazine:

Girardet, E. (2002, December). A new day in Kabul. National Geographic, 202. Retrieved December 9, 2003, from Academic Search Premier database.

Journal:

Koestner, R., Zuckerman, M., & Koestner, J. (1987). Praise, involvement and intrinsic motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53(2), 383-390. Retrieved December 9, 2003, from PsycARTICLES database.

Newspaper:

Harman, D. (2001, December 26). Rhino horns still lure poachers. Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved December 9, 2003, from Academic Search Premier database.

E-Book:

Cox, Danny. (2002). Seize the day. Franklin Lakes, NJ: Career Press. Retrieved December 9, 2003, from Buena Vista University Library, netLibrary Web site: http://www.netlibrary.com

Encyclopedia article (online):

Mesopotamian Religion. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved December 9, 2003, from Encyclopedia Britannica Online.

Peer-Reviewed Articles

What is a "peer-reviewed" or "refereed" journal article?

A refereed journal has a structured reviewing system in which at least two reviewers, excluding in-house editors, evaluate each unsolicited manuscript and advise the editor as to acceptance or rejection. These articles have more high quality academic information than articles from popular magazines or newspapers. The terms "peer-reviewed" and "refereed" are generally used interchangeably.

How do I find "peer-reviewed" or "refereed" journal articles?

Some indexes and article databases allow you to limit your search to articles appearing in peer-reviewed journals only. Several EbscoHost databases have a check box that reads "peer reviewed" (look under the green "Refine Search" tab in the middle of the search screen.) By checking this box you will limit your results to only articles that are peer-reviewed.

Some subject-specific library databases, such as PsycINFO, are comprised of nothing but articles from scholarly sources. While not all scholarly journals are peer-reviewed, they contain articles written by experts in a given field and are appropriate for research. Scholarly articles generally present information in a programmed manner, detailing assumptions, methodology, hypotheses, results, and conclusions. While it is usually safe to assume that a peer-reviewed journal is also scholarly, not all scholarly journals are peer-reviewed.

If you are in doubt about whether a particular publication is a peer-reviewed journal, contact a Reference Librarian (link to Contacting the Library and Library Staff) for assistance. You can also find out more about a particular journal by searching for it within the Ulrichsweb database. To use Ulrichsweb:

1. Go to BVU Library web site.



2. Click on "Articles" tab near the top of the page.



3. Click on the "General" category.



4. Click on the link for Ulrichweb.com.



5. Search for the title of the journal by keyword, title or ISSN in the search box.



6. Journals that are peer-reviewed or referred will have the "referee" icon, which looks like a striped referee's shirt.

Also, you may wish to check with your professor to determine what is necessary for any particular assignment and what types of resources are appropriate.

Plagiarism

Plagiarism can be defined as taking the ideas of another person and representing them as your own. It is dishonest and unethical to engage in plagiarism. Just as one would not engage in stealing or vandalism of the physical property of another person, neither should you steal or misrepresent the intellectual property of another person.
In an educational setting, students deal constantly with ideas and information. When you use the ideas of another person, you must give credit to the originator of the idea. That credit is given by being clear and intentional about the sources of your information.
You can be guilty of plagiarism whether the act is done intentionally or simply done out of ignorance or sloppiness. It is imperative that students become informed about when and how to cite sources so they can best protect themselves from allegations of plagiarism.

Tips for Avoiding Plagiarism

1. Keep copies of all of your sources if possible. Then if questioned about plagiarism you will have the original sources for evidence. If you are unable to keep copies, make sure you keep at least a list of sources with information, such as call numbers, so that you can easily retrieve that information.

2. Reserve one color highlighter to mark passages that you might want to directly quote in your paper. Draft copies of the paper can also highlight those passages in the same color so that you can check the exact quote for accuracy against the original. Put quotation marks around exact quotes and make sure they really are EXACT.

3. Another color highlighter can be used to mark passages you want to paraphrase. Be sure to check final versions of your paper against the original information to make sure your paraphrase hasn't become a direct quote inadvertently. Paraphrases should be cited. Even though written in your own words, the ideas behind the actual words belong to someone else.

4. "Common knowledge" need not be cited, but what is "common knowledge?" Unique ideas MUST be cited. In general, factual information that is presented in more than one of your sources need not be cited. Common knowledge is not dependant on the source. Information mentioned in an encyclopedia article, if that is the ONLY place you find it, should be cited. Information on a web site, if that is the ONLY place it is mentioned, should be cited.

5. Patchwriting, where one or two words in a sentence are changed, should be avoided. By simply changing a word in a sentence (like "many" to "several") you are not stating the idea in your own words. Think about the "big picture" of what an entire passage or paragraph is saying and make sure you understand its meaning. Change the sentence structure around and use vocabulary that is comfortable to you. If the idea is best expressed as a direct quote, you should cite it as such.

6. Become comfortable with your preferred documentation style. Be sure that as you gather sources you are also getting all the information you will need to cite the source properly.

7. Begin your research as early as possible and avoid procrastination. Research done quickly is prone to sloppiness, which may in turn become inadvertent plagiarism. Allow plenty of time for synthesizing the information you gather and plan to write multiple drafts of the paper itself.

Further information on plagiarism and other academic honesty policies can be found in the Buena Vista University Student Handbook. For more help in understanding what plagiarism is and how to avoid it, see Tutorials.